Orient's Erwachen — The East Awakens. The sun rises on a red fez, and the army of Turkey streams out, weapons at the ready. A beautiful design by Heinz Keune.
Image text: Orient's Erwachen — The East Awakenssigned: Heinz Keune
To the Dardanelles! The Entente Allies successfully capture their objective and plant their flags in this boy's 1915 war game, as they did not in life, neither in the naval campaign, nor in the invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula.
Image text: Aux Dardanelles; Victoire; Vive les AlliésLogo and number: ACA 2131Reverse:Artige - Fabricant 16, Faub. St. Denis Paris Visé Paris N. au verso. Fabrication Française - Marque A.C.A
Emperor Karl of Austria-Hungary, his wife Zita, and their son Crown Prince Otto in the funeral cortege of Emperor Franz Josef. Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria walks behind them. Franz Joseph died November 21, 1916, and was buried on November 30.
Image text: Der Kaiserpaar mit dem Kronprinzen u. der König von Bulgarien im Leichenzuge Kaiser Franz Josef I.The imperial couple with the Crown Prince and the King of Bulgaria in the funeral procession of Emperor Franz Joseph I.Reverse:Nach Photographien des Pressedienstes des k.u.k. Kriegsministeriums. 1916After photographs of the press service of the k.u.k. [kaiserlich und königlich - imperial and royal] War Ministry. 1916
1918 German pen and ink drawing of the road to Cambrai, France. Two smaller trees seem to serve as the good and bad thief on either side of the crucified Jesus Christ.
Image text: Strasse nach CambraiEKIECBJR?
". . . the strategy of the Turkish generals was to entice the Russians across the Turkish border and by a wide encircling movement by way of Ardahan, take them in the rear and destroy them. The success of the Turkish plan depended upon holding the Russian force on Turkish soil long enough for the wide flanking movement to be accomplished in that difficult mountain terrain.The Russians, sure enough, were lured across the Turkish frontier on November 30[, 1914]. Advancing 30 miles in three columns without much opposition, they took the city of Koprikeui. There they were held while the Turkish development plan was proceeding." ((1), more)
"On November 30, [1915] when the wind had blown itself out at last, a reckoning was made, and it was found that the Allied Army had lost one tenth of its strength. Two hundred soldiers had been drowned, 5,000 were suffering from frostbite, and another 5,000 were casualties of one sort or another. It raised once more, and in an ominous way, the whole question of evacuation. Many of those who before had wanted to remain could now think only of getting away from the accursed place. But could they get off? . . ." ((2), more)
"On the last afternoon of November, 1916, the massive portal of Vienna's Gothic Cathedral of St. Stephen swung wide so that the corpse of venerable Emperor-King Francis Joseph might pass through on the way to its final resting place in the nearby Church of the Capuchins—in the crowded crypt of the most eminent Austrian Hapsburgs. Emerging from the Cathedral, three close relatives of the deceased ruler took their designated places behind the casket, the new monarch Charles on one side, in the uniform of a Field Marshal, his consort Zita, clothed in the conventional black on the other, and between them the four-year-old Crown Prince Otto, who presumably would one day reign over the strangest and most picturesque realm on the face of Europe." ((3), more)
"American heroism was further exemplified by a body of unarmed American railway engineers during the German encircling movement around the British position at Cambrai on November 30, 1917. These railway engineers, 284 in number, were working in conjunction with Canadian engineers three miles in the rear of the battle line at Gouzeaucourt. Al were unarmed. The German barrage fire having suddenly shifted in their direction, a general retirement was ordered.During the retreat a body of 50 engineers, being cut off, took refuge in dugouts, where they were captured by the German advance. As they were marching along the road to Cambrai, toward the German prison cages, they sighted a small body of British troops who had become separated from their comrades and were were wandering aimlessly.The prisoners, seeing rescue at hand, turned upon their captors and fought them barehanded until the British troops arrived and vanquished the Germans." ((4), more)
(1) Turkey went to war without a declaration, but by shelling Russian ports and sinking Russian ships in the Black Sea on October 29, 1914. Russia declared war on Turkey on November 2, and Great Britain and France followed on November 5. Turkey counter-declared war on November 11, invoking jihad. The fatwa calling all Muslims to war against the Allies found little response in the colonies of Great Britain and France. In border clashes in November, the Russians twice advanced into Turkey, but to little effect.
King's Complete History of the World War by W.C. King, page 126, copyright © 1922, by W.C. King, publisher: The History Associates, publication date: 1922
(2) The storm that struck the Dardanelles and the Gallipoli Peninsula at the end of November, 1915, began with torrential rain on the 26th, turning into a blizzard that lasted through the 28th. The temperature dropped again on November 29. The deadly storm also stopped the spread of dysentery, what had taken almost 1,000 men each day for months.
Gallipoli by Alan Moorehead, page 320, copyright © 1956 by Alan Moorehead, publisher: Perennial Classics 2002 (HarperCollins Publications 1956), publication date: 2002 (1956)
(3) Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary died on November 21, 1916, and was buried November 30. His crowns and titles — Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary — passed to Karl, son of the late brother of the assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
The Passing of the Hapsburg Monarchy, 1914-1918 2 Volumes by Arthur James May, page 422, copyright © 1966 by the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press, publication date: 1966
(4) On November 30, 1917, German forces counterattacked in the Battle of Cambrai, striking toward Gouzeaucourt an the southern end of the British position in the Cambrai sector. The British were utterly unprepared for the action, and were driven back rapidly. The speed of the advance isolated numerous troops like the engineers. Several Americans and Canadians died in the incident cited, and after it all engineers were ordered to be armed.
King's Complete History of the World War by W.C. King, page 347, copyright © 1922, by W.C. King, publisher: The History Associates, publication date: 1922
