A Liebig bullion card from the series "Colonies of the European Powers" — The German colonies of Togo, Cameroon, and German East Africa, c1910.
Image text: Colonies des Puissances Européennes — AllemagneVillage au Cameroun.Lomé (Togo).Indegene du Cameroun.Femme de l'Est Africain.Véritable Extrait de Viande Liebig.Voir L’Explication au verso.Colonies of the European powersGermanyVillage in Cameroon.Lome (Togo).Indegene Cameroon.Woman in East Africa.Genuine Liebig Meat Extract.See the explanation on the back.Reverse:Capital 27,000,000 Francs.Établissements à Fray-Bentos (Uruguay) et Colon (Rép. Argentine).Le véritable Extrait de viande Liebig transforme les sauces les plus fades, les rests de viande, en choses succulentes qui flattent délicieusement le palais.Colonies des Puissances EuropéennesAllemagne - Les premiers essais colonisateurs de l'Allemagne datent de l'époque du Grand Electeur. Ils furent infructeux. Ce n'est qu'en 1884 qu'elle entra dans la voie de ses devancières en fait de colonization. Angre Pequena, dans le Sud-ouest africain, fut sa première colonie; suiverent successivement le Togo, le Cameroun, la partie orientale de la Nouvelle-Guinée, l'archipel de Bismarck. En 1885, elle agrandit ses possessions africaines par l'adjonction de territoires dans l'Est du continent noir et annexa les Iles Marshall et Samoa, dans l'Océanie; elle prit à bail pour 99 ans la baie et la ville de Kiao-tchéou, en Chine. Les viguettes du recto de cette carte donnent des vues des principales possessions allemandes en Afrique. La population des colonies allemandes s'élève à plus de 12 millions, répartis sur une surface total de 2 millions et demi de kilomètres carrés.Capital 27 million francs.Institutions Fray Bentos (Uruguay) and Colon (Rep. Argentina).The real meat extract Liebig transforms the most bland sauces, meat leftovers, into deliciously succulent things that flatter the palate.Colonies of the European powersGermany — The first German attempts at colonization date from the time of the Gre
England's Distress: Postcard map of England and Ireland with the restricted zone Germany proclaimed around the islands, showing the ships destroyed by submarine in the 12 months beginning February 1, 1917.
Image text: Englands Not12 Monate uneingeschränktenU-Bootskrieges auf dem nördlichen See kriegsschauplatzAlle durch Minen und vor dem 1. Februar 1917 vernichteten Schiffe sind in dieser Karte nicht enthalten.SperrgebietsgrenzenBedeutet ein durch die Tätigkeit unserer U-Boote versenktes Schiffe ohne Berücksichtigung seine GrosseDie Eintragungen der Schiffe entsprechen dem Versunkungsort.England's distressUnqualified 12 monthsSubmarine warfare in the North Sea theaterAll ships destroyed by mines of before February 1, 1917 are not included in this map.restricted zone boundaries[Sunken ship symbol] indicates a ship sunk by the actions of our submarines without taking into account the size of the vessel. The records correspond to the ships' place of operations.Reverse:Auf Anregung Sr. Majestät des Kaisersi. Auftr. des Admiralstabes d. Rais. Marine zu Gunsten der Sinterbliebenen der Besatzungen von U-Booten, Minensuch- und Vorpostenbooten herausgegeben vom Verein für das Deutschtum im AuslandFaber'sche Buchdruckerei, Magdeburg.At the suggestion of His Majesty the Emperorhis commission of Naval Staff Rais d. Navy issued in favor of the sintering relatives of the crews of submarines, minesweepers and outpost boats by the Association for Germans abroadFaber'sche book printing, Magdeburg.
We'll join in! Women beneath the flags of and in the uniforms of the Vierbund of Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Bulgaria, are willing to play their part in the war effort.
Image text: Wir machen mit!We'll join in!Reverse:Dated Augsburg, February 3, 1916
Postcard view of the county of Kent, England, bounded by the River Thames on the north and the English Channel and Dover Strait to the east. The city and White Cliffs of Dover are in Kent. In November 1914, British naval and military authorities feared Germany was preparing to invade England.
Image text: Kent: the Doorway of England.I had rather be a doorkeeper in the County of Kent than dwell in the Tents of the Huns.'Invicta' - undefeated, the motto of KentCities and towns of KentOn the door: No Germans AdmittedReverse:Postmarked Chatham (Kent) January 25, 1915Designed and Printed in Faversham, Kent, at Voile & Robertson's Library (copyright)
Portrait postcard of French General Charles Mangin by J.F. Bouchor, December, 1917.
Image text: Musée de la Légion d'HonneurGénéral ManginPortrait de J.-F. Bouchor.Signed:11 Xbre 1917 (December 11, 1917)J. F. Bouchor
"The Germans are continuing their skirmishes on Tanganyika and attacked the port of Lukuga, on August 22nd. Two of their natives were killed and two wounded. Fresh attacks are expected." ((1), more)
". . . UB14 left for the Dardanelles at 8 a.m. on 18 August. At 9 p.m. on 22 August, within 4 nautical miles from Gaba Tepe, the submarine got caught in a steel net at a depth of 18 metres. After trying to go through the net, the submarine reversed without success, with the net still remaining fastened to the stern. Von Heimburg took the submarine down to 35 metres and then to 45 metres, to ensure that any marker buoys would be dragged underwater and would not give away his position. Several explosions were then heard, indicating that the enemy was aware of his presence. Using full emergency power and risking burning out the motors, he succeeded in tearing the net and the submarine was able to proceed, although she remained at 50 metres depth till dark." ((2), more)
"On August 22 [1916], Brusilov's army was confronted, along a twelve-mile sector of the front, by two divisions of Turkish troops, who a year earlier had been fighting at Gallipoli. But still the Austrian forces were driven back. 'The officers on the active list occupy comfortable chairs in the higher Staff appointments, General Hoffman, who was now controlling the battle in Galicia, wrote in his diary on August 27. 'Besides, there are all these different races mixed up together — no less than twenty-three distinct languages. No one understands anyone else.'" ((3), more)
"The British coast was looming ahead, and only ten of the original fifteen Gothas remained.Within minutes, the sky before them was smeared with the black smoke of exploding shells. The fire was coming from picket ships stationed off shore. Even more disturbing, aircraft were flying in small clusters just beyond the coast. The fighters, fifteen in all, were incoming bombers. They were British naval machines which had come up from air stations at Manston, Eastchurch, Walmer, and Dover on the Kent coast." ((4), more)
"Mangin was mightily pleased with Tenth Army's achievements, recording in his diary, rather immodestly, that 'my plan succeeded perfectly'. Almost smelling out German weakness, like the terrier he always reminded people of, Mangin wanted to push on. He was, however, increasingly concerned whether he would get any reserves; indeed, whether the French Army had enough left to continue the battle. He admitted on 22 August that 'it is most annoying that I did not have the necessary forces' to take advantage of the situation . . ." ((5), more)
(1) Telegram from M. Tombeur, Belgian Vice-Governor of the Katanga, to M. Renkin, Belgian Minister for the Colonies. Sent from Elizabethville, Belgian Congo, August 26, 1914. Lake Tanganyika formed much of the western border of German East Africa, and the colonial troops tried to seize control of the lake as quickly as possible.
Collected Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War, page 342, publisher: His Majesty's Stationery Office by Harrison and Sons, publication date: 1915
(2) UB14 was commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Heino von Heimburg. Nine days before getting entangled in the nets at Gaba Tepe — a point on the coast south of Anzac Cove — on the Gallipoli Peninsula, Heimburg had sunk the British transport ship Royal Edward with the loss of 900 men. On November 5, Heimburg sank the English submarine E20 in the Sea of Mamora.
Gallipoli — Attack from the Sea by Victor Rudenno, page 128, copyright © 2008 Victor Rudenno, publisher: Yale University Press, publication date: 2008
(3) By August, 1917, the offensive in Galicia mounted by Russian General Alexsei Brusilov on June 4 — one that had broken the Austro-Hungarian front — was coming to a halt. German troops reinforced their ally, and German officers began taking command. The Russians began replicating the ineffective assaults that they had conducted through much of the war, and suffered far more casualties than their enemies. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was polyglot, with German-speaking Austrians, the Magyars of Hungary, Czechs, Poles, Slovaks, Italians, Bosnians, Ruthenians, Romanians, and other ethnic groups. The language of command in the armed forces was German. Adding the Turks and, soon, the Bulgarians — all the forces of the Vierbund — complicated command and coordination. The Turks had defeated the Anglo-French invasion of Gallipoli at the beginning of the year.
The First World War, a Complete History by Martin Gilbert, page 277, copyright © 1994 by Martin Gilbert, publisher: Henry Holt and Company, publication date: 1994
(4) Fifteen Gotha bombers set out on August 22, 1917 to bomb Dover, Chatham, and either Southend or Sheerness on the United Kingdom's English Channel coast. Five soon turned back with engine or other problems leaving ten that quickly encountered antiaircraft fire and fighter planes coming to challenge them. Two of the bombers were shot down near Margate, a third near Dover. Bombs fell on Margate, Ramsgate, and Dover, with two killed and thirty-five wounded, one fatally. The attack was the last daylight raid of the war by the Gotha bombers.
The Sky on Fire by Raymond H. Fredette by Raymond H. Fredette, page 107, copyright © 1966, 1976, 1991 by Raymond H. Fredette, publisher: Smithsonian Institution Press, publication date: 1991
(5) In July, 1918, German commander Erich Ludendorff's Friedensturm — Peace Assault — the Champagne-Marne Offensive, left his forces occupying an enormous salient from Soissons and Reims to the Marne River. Commanding the French 10th Army, that included the 1st and 2nd American Divisions and the Moroccan Division, General Charles Mangin struck on the western side of the salient on July 18, advancing as much as 8 km on the first day. By early August, the Marne salient had been eliminated, and the city of Soissons retaken.
Hundred Days: The Campaign that Ended World War I by Nick Lloyd, page 76, copyright © 2014 by Nick Lloyd, publisher: Basic Books, publication date: 2014
