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Collage: beneath a ration ticket for bread for the week of March 25 to 31, 1918 is a 1915 five-Korona coin with two angels suspending a crown. On either side of the coin is written in HungarianA tejjel-mézzel folyó — kánaán — ból 1918 egy kenyér-czédula ára = öt koronaFrom Canann, the river of milk and honey, to rationing: in 1918 Czédula Bread cost her a crown. (Speculation: Kenyér-Czédula was a bakery. A web search shows at auction a menu for Étel Czédula, Czédula Food.)The ration ticket reads:kenyér — vagy kenyérliszt-utalványkg. 1.70 súlyú kenyérre vagy kg. 1.20 kenyér lisztre.Érvényes csak 1918 évi március hó 25-31 — igterjed? negyedik hétre.kenyér — vagy kenyérliszt-utalvány xxx való visszaélés kihágas!képez és rendörhatóságilag szigorúan büntettetik8Bread- or bread-flour-voucher1.70 kg. of bread or 1.20 kg. of bread-flourValid only in the year 1918, March 25 to 31 for up to four weeks.Bread- or bread-flour-voucher [. . .] abuse is an offense!and shall be severely punished by the police.The card is hand-made on watercolor paper by Schima Martos. Dated September 12, 1918.
Postcard of a German soldier guarding French POWs, most of them colonial troops, the colorful uniforms of a Zouave, Spahi, Senegalese, and metropolitan French soldier contrasting with the field gray German uniform. A 1915 postcard by Emil Huber.
Monument to the Third Australian Division on Route D1 in Sailly-le-Sec, France.
A Zeppelin April Fool, an April fish. The reverse contains a message dated March 29, 1915.
A woman munitions worker carrying a shell apparently drops another one on the foot of a frightened man who clearly does not realize, as she does, that they are not in danger. No doubt his foot hurt.
"One of them told us of something approaching a riot in Bremen where large crowds of women smashed shop-windows and stormed the shops. Mortensen from Skibelund met a man from Hamburg who left Hamburg four days before his leave was up because his wife no longer had any food to give him.. . .I've hardly heard the sound of gunfire in the week I've been back here. All the forces are gathering down at Verdun. There is talk here that a fort has fallen, but there are so many rumours flying around. What's the situation with Romania? Everything seems calm to me, but it is no doubt the calm before the storm." ((1), more)
"March 29th.—Back in Cambrin Left since last night. The sector is now known as ZI or Auchy Left: here the original names of sectors are kept. Larks sing in bright sunshine, and buds are opening. In the parapet of Old Boots Trench a German has been buried, it must have been in the autumn of 1914. The weather has exposed a pulpy arm; there was a wrist-watch on it. Some whimsical passer wound the watch, it went, it was a repeater; passers-by would give the winding a turn, but soon a souvenir-hunter took the watch." ((2), more)
"— Vast reinforcements of Australian soldiers on their way from Egypt. Laughing giants. But I picture their skeletons with grinning teeth. . . ." ((3), more)
"— The 31st. The Press still mention 'French soldiers' as if they were a special caste. Do they forget that they are talking about ordinary peasants torn from the land, and that the young soldiers called up since the war were given only a few months' training? Thus, is any case, they are not regular soldiers. The French soldier is merely a peasant in a steel helmet." ((4), more)
"Breithaupt was in dire straits. His LZ.15 was damaged seriously; the amidships Cell 11 was empty, Cell 12 forward and Cell 9 aft were both leaking. Cell 16 in the bow was also empty, which made the ship nose-heavy. Breithaupt realized that his only sanctuary was Belgium. He had jettisoned all of his bombs and all but four hours of fuel. Next, the heavy machine guns, engine covers, and spare parts went over, but despite these emergency efforts it was obvious that LZ.15 was doomed to end in the sea. Breithaupt's secret documents were wired to the radio stool and dumped into the Thames, and finally after reporting, NEED IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE BETWEEN RIVER THAMES AND OSTEND, the wireless instruments were tossed overboard.At 12:15 A.M., wallowing along at 500 feet, LZ.15's framework buckled in two at Rings 7 and 11 and the airship nosed into the sea about a mile from the Kentish Knock Lightship." ((5), more)
(1) Kresten Andresen was a Danish soldier fighting in the German army. 'Mortensen from Skibelund' would have been another Dane from a neighborhood in Vejen in southern Denmark. German troops had captured Fort Douaumont on February 25, 1916, four days after the beginning of the siege of Verdun. The village of Vaux, site of another primary fort, changed hands thirteen times during March, 1916, but the Fort itself held out until June. Like Denmark, Romania was neutral. It was actively courted by both the Entente Allies and the Central Powers.
The Beauty and the Sorrow: An Intimate History of the First World War by Peter Englund, pp. 242, 243, copyright © 2009 by Peter England, publisher: Vintage Books, publication date: 2012
(2) Entry for March 29, 1916 from the writings — diaries, letters, and memoirs — of Captain J.C. Dunn, Medical Officer of the Second Battalion His Majesty's Twenty-Third Foot, the Royal Welch Fusiliers and dozens of his comrades. Cambrin is west of La Bassée, France,in Artois. Bodies were buried, if at all, where they fell, beneath earth upended by explosions, into trench parapets. Because the Western Front moved very little during much of the war, bodies were exposed by weather, digging, and bombardment. The artist Otto Dix drew this horror. Many soldiers wrote of it, sometimes, as here, whimsically, touching a dead hand in passing or hanging a rifle on an exposed leg.
The War the Infantry Knew 1914-1919 by Captain J.C. Dunn, pp. 187, 188, copyright © The Royal Welch Fusiliers 1987, publisher: Abacus (Little, Brown and Company, UK), publication date: 1994
(3) Entry from March 28, 29, or 30, 1916 from the diary of Michel Corday, a senior civil servant in the French government. In his diary, Corday expressed criticism of the war that he rarely expressed in public.
The Paris Front: an Unpublished Diary: 1914-1918 by Michel Corday, page 154, copyright © 1934, by E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., publisher: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., publication date: 1934
(4) Entry from March 31, 1916 from the diary of Michel Corday, a senior civil servant in the French government critical, at least in his diary, of the war and its boosters in the government, the military, the press,and the public.
The Paris Front: an Unpublished Diary: 1914-1918 by Michel Corday, pp. 154, 155, copyright © 1934, by E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., publisher: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., publication date: 1934
(5) Zeppelin LZ.15 under the commander of Kapitänleutnant (Lieutenant Commander) Joachim Breithaupt, was one of seven Zeppelins that set out on March 31, 1916 to bomb London, which had improved defenses since the prior year. As he followed the Thames River to find the blacked out city, the airship was picked up by searchlights and hit by a shell. As Breithaupt turned from London, he was briefly chased and fired upon by a British flyer who soon lost the Zeppelin. Searchlights again picked up LZ.15, and scored another, more serious hit. A second British flyer in a B.E.2c with lights of its own found the Zeppelin and attacked three times with explosive darts, incendiary bombs, and machine gun. It's at this point that the quotation above picks up. LZ.15 went down on April 1. The Zeppelin was an airship with a rigid frame, the 'rings' being part of that, and multiple independent cells containing gas, to minimize the chances of a single blow bringing down the ship.
The Zeppelin Fighters by Arch Whitehouse, pp. 122, 123, copyright © 1966 by Arch Whitehouse, publisher: New English Library, publication date: 1978
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