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Lieutenant General Erich Ludendorff, chief of staff to General Paul von Hindenburg. Together they commanded German forces on the Russian Front until Hindenburg replaced Erich von Falkenhayn as Commander of the German Army in 1916. Through the rest of the war Hindenburg and Ludendorff commanded the German Army.
The advance of July 19, 1918 in the Aisne-Marne Offensive. From The History of The A.E.F. by Shipley Thomas. © 1920
Line on the Ourcq showing advance of the Allies in the Marne Salient from July 18 to July 27, 1918. From The History of The A.E.F. by Shipley Thomas.
Goodbye Girlie! On to France. An American soldier gives a woman a boost so she can kiss a departing soldier. A postcard from the Chicago Daily News, G. J. Kavanaugh War Postal Card Department.
Panorama of the Western theater of war 1914/15 from Compiègne to Arras, with the North Sea coast in the distance.
". . . Lossberg was now convinced that Ludendorff was no longer master of the situation, and had made a serious strategic mistake in refusing to withdraw.He was not alone in his assessment of Ludendorff. On 30 July Ludendorff discussed the military situation with Hintze and painted a ridiculously optimistic picture of the German position. On the following day Bartenwerffer complained to Merz about what he called 'this shocking state of affairs' and both men agreed that it was Ludendorff's overwhelming vanity which stopped him from putting the state secretary fully in the picture.Other officers at the OHL, although they were not yet openly critical of Ludendorff, were becoming highly alarmed about the military situation and could not share his nervous optimism or Hindenburg's confidence." ((1), more)
"The 42nd Division, with two battalions of the 47th Infantry Regiment of the 4th Division (Regulars), starting at 5:00 a.m. July 28, crossed the river Ourcq and after vigorous fighting, took Seringes-et-Nesles and Sergy, with its left flank just east of Fere-en-Tardenois. Being ahead of its schedule, it went over into the sector of the 32nd Division and took Hill 212. On the morning of July 31, the 32nd Division took Cierges, and on August 1 took Hill 230 and Planchette Wood." ((2), more)
"Moving out from Seringes, the Americans and their French allies reached Fismes on the Vesle River August 2, 1918, having advanced 25 miles in fifteen days and obliterated the Marne salient. On the same day a French division entered Soissons, making an advance of three miles. Thus was celebrated the fifth anniversary of the beginning of the War.These operations marked the close of the first phase of the battle. The Allies, in their brief offensive of two weeks' duration, had forced the enemy back 25 miles and captured 35,000 prisoners, 750 field guns and several thousand machine guns. The Marne salient had been practically wiped out and the army of von Boehm was demoralized. Gen. Foch now decided to strike at the Picardy salient further north." ((3), more)
"This last combat, in particular, had brought very advantageous results. Threatened in his positions on the left bank of the Avre, the enemy had withdrawn to the right bank, keeping only some outposts west of Mondidier (August 3d and 5th). If, in addition, it be borne in mind that the Germans facing the British Third Army were crossing to the east of the Ancre between Saint-Pierre and Dernancourt, and that in Flanders they were abandoning to the British Second Army a part of their positions south of the Lys, it will be realized what signs of exhaustion the enemy was showing in these first days of August, and under what favourable auspices the Franco-British attack in Picardy was being initiated." ((4), more)
"— The 4th. The American workers' delegates have been welcomed by the Parliamentary Socialist group. They are all opposed to the resumption of international negotiations. One of their Press agents declares: 'A short conflict would be followed by a short peace.' That phrase 'short conflict' is delightful!The truth is that, in the eyes of this journalist, the war began at the moment when America descended into the bloody arena." ((5), more)
(1) With Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, General, Erich Ludendorff commanded the German army. The last of their five 1918 offensives ended on July 17. The Allies counter-attacked in the Second Battle of the Marne, the Aisne-Marne Offensive. OHL, Oberste Heeresleitung, was German Supreme Army Command. Lossberg, Bartenwerffer, and Merz were German generals, Hintze an admiral.
The Silent Dictatorship by Martin Kitchen, pp. 247–248, copyright © 1976 by Martin Kitchen, publisher: Croom Helm, publication date: 1976
(2) The Franco-American Aisne-Marne Offensive. begun on July 17, 1918, continued through August 6.
The History of The A.E.F. by Shipley Thomas, page 179, copyright © 1920, by George H. Doran Company, publisher: George H. Doran Company, publication date: 1920
(3) The Franco-American Aisne-Marne Offensive, begun on July 17, 1918, continued through August 6. Allied Commander-in-Chief Ferdinand Foch's next blow would be the Battle of Amiens.
King's Complete History of the World War by W.C. King, page 450, copyright © 1922, by W.C. King, publisher: The History Associates, publication date: 1922
(4) The Franco-American Aisne-Marne Offensive, begun on July 17, 1918, continued through August 6. Allied Commander-in-Chief Ferdinand Foch's next blow would be the Battle of Amiens.
The Memoirs of Marshal Foch, translated by Col. T. Bentley Mott by Ferdinand Foch, page 379, copyright © 1931 by Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., publisher: Doubleday, Doran & Co., publication date: 1931
(5) Entry from the diary of Michel Corday, a senior civil servant in the French government writing in Paris on August 4, 1918. The French had just begun their fifth year of the war. The Americans, despite having declared war in April 1917, had only entered the battle in any numbers in May, 1918.
The Paris Front: an Unpublished Diary: 1914-1918 by Michel Corday, page 364, copyright © 1934, by E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., publisher: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., publication date: 1934
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